In vitro fertilisation IVF
Eggs are removed from the ovaries and fertilised with sperm in a laboratory dish before being placed in the woman’s womb. IVF literally means “fertilisation in glass”, giving us the familiar term “test tube baby”.
Intrauterine insemination IUI
Before fertility treatment, the best quality sperm are selected. They are then inserted into the womb at the woman’s most fertile time, when an ovary releases an egg (ovulation).
Donor insemination (DI)
Sperm that has been screened for sexually transmitted diseases and some genetic disorders from a donor is used to fertilise a patient’s egg. DI is IUI (intrauterine insemination) with donor sperm.
Genetic testing
Genetic testing of embryos permits couples with a known specific inherited condition in their family, to avoid passing on this condition to their children. This testing includes Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, Preimplantation Genetic Screening and Gender Selection.
Intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
ICSI involves injecting a single sperm directly into an egg in order to fertilise it. The fertilised egg (embryo) is then transferred to the woman’s womb.
Gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT)
Eggs are removed from the ovaries from the healthiest are selected and placed together with sperm in the woman’s fallopian tubes. Fertilisation therefore takes place in the body, as it would if conception had occurred naturally.
In vitro maturation (IVM)
Eggs are removed from the ovaries and are collected when they are still immature. They are then matured in the laboratory before being fertilised. This means that the woman does not need to take as many drugs before the eggs are collected as she might if using conventional IVF, when mature eggs are collected.
Reproductive immunology
Reproductive immunology is a service offered by a few clinics in the UK. It includes a range of tests and treatments to do with the patient’s immune system in pregnancy.
